It is NEVER a good idea to get over one bodge, by doing another bodge.
Bite the bullet, cut out brickwork and blockwork and position the air bricks correctly so they match the brick bonding.
Better to start off right.
You are correct, the gaps in the airbricks will ventilate the cavity more and the underfloor less.
Youi will get internal draughts and cold spots from this. No internal blockwork is ever fully filled joints. In addition the softer internal blocks can crack with thermal movement and let in air that way.
I would suggest you use blown fibre cavity insulation (this can be made from shredded recycled plastic bottle), done after the roof is on, but before drylining or plastering.